{"id":30418,"date":"2026-05-19T17:55:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T17:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/philo.wp-cms76.fr\/?p=30418"},"modified":"2026-05-20T15:58:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:58:10","slug":"citations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/philo.wp-cms76.fr\/index.php\/2026\/05\/19\/citations\/","title":{"rendered":"Citations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Am\u00e9liorez votre
\u00ab savoir-faire \u00bb<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"D\u00e9finition<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Le bonheur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u00ab\u00a0Le bonheur est un id\u00e9al, non de la raison, mais de l\u2019imagination\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Kant<\/strong>,fondements Fondements de la m\u00e9taphysique des m\u0153urs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0Carpe Diem\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Horace <\/strong>(65-8\u00a0av.\u00a0J.-C.), Odes<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0La vie oscille, comme un pendule, de droite \u00e0 gauche, de la souffrance \u00e0 <\/strong>l’ennui.\u00a0\u00bb Schopenhauer<\/strong>, Le Monde comme volont\u00e9 et comme repr\u00e9sentation, livre\u00a0IV, \u00a7\u00a056-57<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0Nous ne vivons jamais, mais esp\u00e9rons de vivre\u00a0; et, nous disposant toujours \u00e0 \u00eatre heureux, il est in\u00e9vitable que nous ne le soyons jamais\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Pascal <\/strong>(1623\u20131662)<\/em>,\u00a0Pens\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0Nul bonheur, nulle s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9, nulle esp\u00e9rance, nulle fiert\u00e9, nulle jouissance de l\u2019instant pr\u00e9sent ne pourrait pas exister sans la facult\u00e9 d\u2019oubli\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Nietzsche<\/strong>, Seconde consid\u00e9ration inactuelle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0Ce qui trouble les hommes, ce ne sont pas les choses, ce sont les jugements qu\u2019ils portent sur les choses\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Epict\u00e8te<\/strong>,\u00a0Manuel, V<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0Il n\u2019y a qu\u2019une route vers le bonheur, c\u2019est de renoncer aux choses qui ne d\u00e9pendent pas de notre volont\u00e9.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb, \u00c9pict\u00e8te <\/strong>(50\u2013125),\u00a0Entretiens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est un grand bien \u00e0 notre avis que de se suffire \u00e0 soi-m\u00eame, non qu\u2019il faille toujours vivre de peu, mais afin que si l\u2019abondance nous manque, nous sachions nous contenter du peu que nous aurons.\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0\u00c9picure<\/strong>, Lettre \u00e0 M\u00e9n\u00e9c\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    La libert\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Quelques citations philosophiques d\u2019auteurs centraux du programme sur le th\u00e8me de la libert\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0Les hommes se croient libres pour cette seule cause qu\u2019ils sont conscients de leurs actions et ignorants des causes par o\u00f9 ils sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Spinoza <\/strong>(1632\u20131677), Lettre \u00e0 Schuller<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019homme est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre libre\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Sartre<\/strong>, L’existentialisme est un humanisme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019homme est n\u00e9 libre et partout il est dans les fers\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Rousseau<\/strong>, Du contrat social.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0La libert\u00e9 est le droit de faire tout ce que les lois permettent\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Montesquieu, L’Esprit des lois.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019angoisse est le vertige de la libert\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Kierkegaard<\/strong>, du concept d\u2019angoisse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0Le domaine de la libert\u00e9 commence l\u00e0 o\u00f9 s\u2019arr\u00eate le travail d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Karl Marx<\/strong>,\u00a0le Capital.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00ab\u00a0Ce n\u2019est pas par la satisfaction du d\u00e9sir que s\u2019obtient la libert\u00e9, mais par la destruction du d\u00e9sir\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Epict\u00e8te<\/strong>,\u00a0Manuel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Le devoir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u00ab\u00a0Agis uniquement d\u2019apr\u00e8s la maxime selon laquelle tu peux vouloir en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019elle devienne une loi universelle\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Kant<\/strong>, Fondements de la m\u00e9taphysique des m\u0153urs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u00ab Commettre l\u2019injustice est pire que la subir \u00bb<\/strong>, Socrate dans le Gorgias de Platon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u00ab\u00a0Le devoir est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019accomplir une action par respect pour la loi\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Kant<\/strong>, Fondements de la m\u00e9taphysique des m\u0153urs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019ob\u00e9issance au devoir est une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 soi-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Bergson<\/strong>, Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u00ab\u00a0Le mal vient de ce que l\u2019homme se trompe au sujet du bien\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Socrate dans le\u00a0Th\u00e9\u00e9t\u00e8te\u00a0de Platon<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • N\u2019oubliez pas qu\u2019il est int\u00e9ressant de pouvoir utiliser des citations philosophiques dans votre devoir, mais qu\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire de les expliquer pour qu\u2019elles participent r\u00e9ellement \u00e0 votre argumentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n

        Nature et culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u00ab\u00a0Chacun appelle barbarie ce qui n\u2019est pas de son usage.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Michel de Montaigne\u00a0(1533\u20131592), Essais, I, 31, Des Cannibales.<\/u><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u00ab\u00a0On ne na\u00eet pas femme\u00a0: on le devient\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986), Le Deuxi\u00e8me Sexe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
          \n

          Le travail<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u00ab Le travail est d\u00e9sir r\u00e9fr\u00e9n\u00e9, disparition retard\u00e9e : le travail forme. \u00bb<\/strong> Hegel (1770\u20131831)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u00ab Le r\u00e8gne de la libert\u00e9 commence seulement \u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 cesse le travail dict\u00e9 par la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/strong>, Karl Marx (1818\u20131883), Le Capital<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            La religion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u00ab\u00a0Les religions ressemblent \u00e0 des routes diff\u00e9rentes convergeant vers un m\u00eame point.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0Gandhi <\/strong>(1869\u20131948)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u00ab\u00a0Le c\u0153ur a ses raisons que la raison ne conna\u00eet point\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Pascal<\/strong>,\u00a0Pens\u00e9es, 277<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u00ab\u00a0La religion serait la n\u00e9vrose obsessionnelle universelle de l\u2019humanit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Freud<\/strong>, L’Avenir d\u2019une illusion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u00ab\u00a0Dieu est mort\u00a0! \u00ab\u00a0Et c\u2019est nous qui l\u2019avons tu\u00e9\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Nietzsche<\/strong>, Le Gai Savoir<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u00ab\u00a0La religion est (\u2026) l\u2019opium du peuple\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Marx<\/strong>, Pour une critique de la philosophie du droit de Hegel.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u00ab\u00a0Deus sive natura\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Spinoza<\/strong>,\u00a0Ethique<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u00ab\u00a0Tout est pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondes possibles\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Leibniz (1646-1716),\u00a0Th\u00e9odic\u00e9e<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
              \n

              Le langage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u00ab Le mot ne note de la chose que sa fonction la plus commune et son aspect banal. \u00bb<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Henri Bergson <\/strong>(1859\u20131941), Le Rire<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0Les limites de mon langage signifient les limites de mon propre monde.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Ludwig Wittgenstein<\/strong> (1889\u20131951),\u00a0Tractatus logico-philosophicus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0Danger du langage pour la libert\u00e9 de l\u2019esprit\u00a0: chaque mot est un pr\u00e9jug\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Friedrich Nietzsche <\/strong>(1844\u20131900)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0Dire, c\u2019est faire\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Austin <\/strong>(1911-1960),\u00a0How to Do Things with Words<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0Nous ne voyons pas les choses m\u00eames ; nous nous bornons, le plus souvent, \u00e0 lire des \u00e9tiquettes coll\u00e9es sur elles.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Henri Bergson <\/strong>(1859-1941), Le Rire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0Le monde (\u2026) devient humain (\u2026) seulement lorsqu\u2019il est devenu objet de dialogue\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Hannah Arendt<\/strong> (1905-1975), Vies politiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0Ce dont on ne peut pas parler, il faut le taire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Ludwig Wittgenstein<\/strong> (1889-1951),\u00a0Tractatus logico-philosophicus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                \n

                L’Art<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019art n\u2019a d\u2019autre objet que d\u2019\u00e9carter (\u2026) tout ce qui nous masque la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pour nous mettre face \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 elle-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Bergson<\/strong>,\u00a0le Rire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u00ab\u00a0Le beau est ce qui pla\u00eet universellement sans concept\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Kant, Critique de la facult\u00e9 de juger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019art est le grand stimulant de la vie\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Nietzsche<\/strong>,\u00a0cr\u00e9puscule des idoles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u00ab\u00a0Le g\u00e9nie est la disposition inn\u00e9e de l\u2019esprit par laquelle la nature donne ses r\u00e8gles \u00e0 l\u2019art\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Kant<\/strong>,\u00a0Critique de la facult\u00e9 de juger\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                  \n

                  La Conscience<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019homme n\u2019est qu\u2019un roseau, le plus faible de la nature\u00a0; mais c\u2019est un roseau pensant\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Pascal<\/strong> (1623-1662), Pens\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u00ab\u00a0Je pense donc je <\/strong>suis\u00a0\u00bb, Descartes <\/strong>(1596-1650),\u00a0discours de la m\u00e9thode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Conscience\u00a0! Instinct divin, immortelle et c\u00e9leste voix.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Rousseau <\/strong>(1712-1778),\u00a0\u00c9mile ou de l\u2019\u00e9ducation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u00ab\u00a0Ce n\u2019est pas la conscience qui d\u00e9termine la vie, mais la vie qui d\u00e9termine la conscience\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Marx <\/strong>(1818-1883),\u00a0L\u2019id\u00e9ologie allemande<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    L\u2019Inconscient<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u00ab\u00a0Montrer au moi qu\u2019il n\u2019est seulement pas ma\u00eetre dans sa propre maison\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Freud <\/strong>(1856-1939), L’Inqui\u00e9tante \u00e9tranget\u00e9 et autres essais<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019enfer, c\u2019est les autres.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Jean-Paul Sartre<\/strong> (1905\u20131980)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u00ab\u00a0Un ami est un autre soi-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Aristote<\/strong>,\u00a0La Grande Morale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                      \n

                      Le D\u00e9sir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u00ab\u00a0Le d\u00e9sir est l\u2019essence m\u00eame de l\u2019homme\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Spinoza <\/strong>(1632-1677),\u00a0Ethique<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u00ab\u00a0Changer mes d\u00e9sirs plut\u00f4t que l\u2019ordre du monde\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Descartes<\/strong>,\u00a0Discours de la m\u00e9thode<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u00ab\u00a0Malheur \u00e0 qui n\u2019a plus rien \u00e0 d\u00e9sirer\u00a0! Il perd pour ainsi dire tout ce qu\u2019il poss\u00e8de.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Rousseau<\/strong>,\u00a0Julie ou La Nouvelle H\u00e9lo\u00efse<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u00ab\u00a0Rien de grand ne s\u2019est accompli dans le monde sans passion\u00bb<\/strong>, Hegel <\/strong>(1770-1831),\u00a0La Raison dans l\u2019Histoire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                        \n

                        L\u2019existence et le temps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u00ab\u00a0Vouloir \u00eatre de son temps, c\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9pass\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco<\/strong> (1909\u20131994)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u00ab\u00a0Prends l\u2019habitude de penser que la mort n\u2019est rien pour nous\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, \u00c9picure<\/strong>, Lettre \u00e0 M\u00e9n\u00e9c\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u00ab\u00a0Philosopher, c\u2019est apprendre \u00e0 mourir\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Montaigne <\/strong>(1533-1592),\u00a0Essais<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                          \n

                          La V\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • \u00ab\u00a0Vrai et faux sont des attributs de la parole et non des choses. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 n\u2019est point de parole, il n\u2019y a ni v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ni fausset\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Thomas Hobbes<\/strong> (1588\u20131679)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u00ab Ce que nous appelons apprendre est une r\u00e9miniscence \u00bb<\/strong>, Platon, M\u00e9non<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u00ab Le soleil ne se l\u00e8vera pas demain \u00bb<\/strong>, Hume (1711-1776), Enqu\u00eate sur l\u2019entendement humain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u00ab L\u2019homme est la mesure de toutes choses \u00bb<\/strong>, Platon, Protagoras.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                            \n

                            La Science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • \u00ab\u00a0La nature, nous l\u2019expliquons\u00a0; la vie de l\u2019\u00e2me, nous la <\/strong>comprenons.\u00a0\u00bb Dilthey <\/strong>(1833-1911),\u00a0Le Monde de l’esprit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u00ab\u00a0Que les choses puissent avoir une nature en soi, ind\u00e9pendamment de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation et de la subjectivit\u00e9, c\u2019est une hypoth\u00e8se parfaitement oiseuse.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0Friedrich Nietzsche<\/strong> (1844\u20131900)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019exp\u00e9rience\u00a0: c\u2019est l\u00e0 le fondement de toutes nos connaissances.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0John Locke<\/strong> (1632\u20131704)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u00ab\u00a0Le crit\u00e8re de la scientificit\u00e9 d\u2019une th\u00e9orie r\u00e9side dans la possibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019invalider, de la r\u00e9futer ou encore de la tester.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0Karl Popper <\/strong>(1902\u20131994)\u00a0<\/em>(Conjectures et r\u00e9futations, La croissance du savoir scientifiqu<\/em>e, pp. 64-65)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                              \n

                              La justice et le droit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • \u00ab\u00a0Le plus fort n\u2019est jamais assez fort pour \u00eatre toujours le ma\u00eetre, s\u2019il ne transforme sa force en droit et l\u2019ob\u00e9issance en devoir\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Rousseau<\/strong>,\u00a0Du contrat social.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u00ab\u00a0Plaisante justice qu\u2019une rivi\u00e8re borne\u00a0! \u00ab\u00a0V\u00e9rit\u00e9 au de\u00e7\u00e0 des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, erreur au-del\u00e0\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Pascal<\/strong>,\u00a0Pens\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u00ab\u00a0La justice sans la force est impuissante, la force sans la justice est tyrannique.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, Blaise Pascal<\/strong> (1623\u20131662),\u00a0Pens\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                \n

                                L’\u00c9tat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                • \u00ab L\u2019homme est un animal politique. \u00bb<\/strong>, Aristote (384\u2013322 av. J.-C.), La Politique<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u00ab Il faut que, par la disposition des choses, le pouvoir arr\u00eate le pouvoir \u00bb<\/strong>, Montesquieu (1689-1755), L\u2019Esprit des lois.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u00ab L\u2019homme est un loup pour l\u2019homme \u00bb<\/strong>, Hobbes (1588-1679), Le Citoyen<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u00ab Les hommes doivent \u00eatre caress\u00e9s ou an\u00e9antis \u00bb<\/strong>, Machiavel (1469-1527), Le Prince<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u00ab Les ouvriers n\u2019ont pas de patrie \u00bb<\/strong>, Marx et Engels, Manifeste du parti communiste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Am\u00e9liorez votre \u00ab savoir-faire \u00bb Le bonheur La libert\u00e9 Le devoir Nature et culture Le travail La religion Le langage L’Art La Conscience L\u2019Inconscient Le D\u00e9sir L\u2019existence et le temps La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 La Science La justice et le droit L’\u00c9tat<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"post_folder":[27],"class_list":["post-30418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-themes"],"yoast_head":"\nCitations - Philo.wp-cms76<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/philo.wp-cms76.fr\/index.php\/2026\/05\/19\/citations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Citations - 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